HÜBRIIDMUSTIKA (Vaccinium corymbosum x Vaccinium angustifloium) SORTIDE 'NORTHBLUE' JA
     'NORTHCOUNTRY' KASVATAMISVÕIMALUSED JA -TEHNOLOOGIAD TARTUMAAL.

Tea Tasa.

Magistritöö kokkuvõte. Töö kaitstud 15.01.2002. EPMÜ Metsandusteaduskonnas. 


Marjakasvatuse populaarsuse tõus Eestis viimasel aastakümnel on äratanud huvi uute marjakultuuride kasvatamise vastu. Poolkõrge kasvuga hübriidsordid 'Northblue' ja 'Northcountry' on aretatud Põhja-Ameerikast pärit ahtalehise mustika (V . angustifolium) ja kännasmustika (V. corymbosum) baasil. Uute liikide ja sortide introdutseerimisel on oluline jälgida nende kasvu ja saagikust kohalikes tingimustes. Erinevate kasvatustehnoloogiate kasutamisega on võimalik luua optimaalsed tingimused taimede kasvuks ja arenguks.
Antud katse teostati ja andmed koguti Tartumaal Kambjas asuvas Metsa talus 1998.- 2001. aastal. Käesoleva katse eesmärgiks oli välja selgitada sortide 'Northblue' ja 'Northcountry' sobivust Lõuna-Eesti kliimatingimustele, erinevate multšide mõju mustikataimede kasvule ja mullastikutingimustele ning saagile.
Katsetulemused:

Neljaaastane katse näitas, et poolkõrged hübriidsed mustikasordid 'Northblue' ja 'Northcountry' kasvasid ja viljusid hästi. Multšide kasutamine mustika istanduses on vajalik, et tagada parem taimede kasv ja kõrge saagikus. Lõuna- ja Kagu-Eesti happelistel muldadel võib poolkõrge mustika kasvatus multšide kasutamisel kujuneda perspektiivseks tootmisharuks.

Mulla happesus ei näi mõjutavat oluliselt kui arvatud mustikataimede kasvu. Mustikale, kui mükoriisataimele, võivad olla olulisemaks mulla õhustatus ja niiskusrežiim. Koostöös Tartu Ülikooli teadlastega ongi alustatud mükoriisaalaste uuringutega. Edaspidi on vajalik välja töötada sobiv väetussüsteem mustika tootmisistandustele erinevatel mullatüüpidel. Samuti tuleb selgitada erinevate lõikusvõtete kasutamise võimalusi mustikataimede stabiilse ja kõrge saagikuse tagamiseks.




 
















THE CULTIVATING POSSIPILITIES AND TECHNOLOGIES OF HYBRID BLUEBERRY (Vaccinium corymbosum x Vaccinium angustifolium) CULTIVARS NORTHBLUE AND NORTHCOUNTRY IN TARTU COUNTY.
Tea Tasa
M.Sc. Thesis.


 

Tartu, 2002. In Estonia. 80 pages, 12 tables, 44 figures, 8 appendixes, 73 sources of reference.
 

ABSTRACT

Key words: mulch, soil, vegetative growth, yield, pH, peat, cold hardness, berry weight

Blueberry hybrid cultivars Northblue and Northcountry have been bred on the basis of American sweet lowbush blueberry (V. angustifolium) and highbush blueberry (V. corymbosum). On introducing new cultivars and species it is essential to watch their growth and crops in local conditions. With using different growth technologies it is possible to create optimum conditions for the growth and development of the plants. The given experiment was conducted and the data collected in Kambja, Tartu County in 1998-2001. The aim of the present experiment was to analyze the suitability of ‘Northblue’ and ‘Northcountry’ cultivars in the Estonian climatic conditions, the influence of different growing technologies on the growth and yield of blueberry plants, and soil conditions. The following experiment variants were used: planted into mineral soil without mulch (control) (1), plants covered with sawdust mulch (2), plants covered with peat mulch (3), plants covered with plastic mulch (4), plants planted into the mixture of mineral soil and peat, peat mulch added (5), mixture of mineral soil and peat + plastic mulch (6).

Adding of peat into the soil will increase its acidity. With disintegration of peat acidity decreases. In the variant without mulch the differences of temperature and humidity were the greatest. With using plastic mulch the temperature was the highest, it must be noted, however, that dark plastic did not cause dangerous heating of the plants. The best growth substrates were the mixture of mineral soil and peat covered with plastic mulch and the mixture of mineral soil with peat covered with peat mulch. The plants grown with these mulches had wider and taller bushes, more long shoots, more intensive blooming, and better crops. The plants grew even in September and the shoots were not able to lignify in time. So the first colds damaged the tips of the branches and shoots. The damage was not, however, very serious and no plant was destroyed because of winter colds. The growth of plants having reached the yielding age is not so intensive and no frost damage was noticed. The plants of ‘Northblue’ yield bigger crops compared with ‘Northcountry’. For both cultivars during the experiment the plants that grew on the mixture of mineral soil and peat covered with plastic mulch had the biggest crop. The berry weight of ‘Northblue’ is 2 grams in the average. The weight of ‘Northcountry’ is slightly less than a gram.

An experiment of four years demonstrated that hybrid blueberry cultivars Northblue and Northcountry grow and yield well in South-Estonian conditions. Using of mulches in a blueberry plantation is favorable to guarantee better crops and optimal growth of the plants. On the acid soils growing of blueberries with the help of mulches may become a field of production with a good perspective.